The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.